Entropy of Vaporisation The entropy change when water boils can be measured using a kettle and a top pan balance At the boiling point, liquid water and water vapour exist in equilibrium so t...
Required Practical 9 Required Practical 9: Investigating pH changes The experimental set up for measuring pH changes in titrations Steps in the procedure Measure out 50 cm3?of 1.0 mol...
Required Practical 8 Required Practical 8: Measuring the EMF of a cell To measure a cell EMF you will need Two small beakers, around 75 cm3?capacity Strips of suitable metals such as copper,...
Interpreting Chromatograms The less polar components travel further up the TLC plate Their?Rf?values are higher?than those closer to the baseline They are?more soluble?in the mobile phase an...
Gas Chromatography Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC) is used for analysing: Gases Volatile liquids Solids in their vapour form The stationary phase: This method uses a long coiled colum...
Column Chromatography Column Chromatography In column chromatography, the column is often a long vertical glass tube or in the laboratory a burette is suitable An inert solid (usually powder...
Thin Layer Chromatography Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a technique used to analyse small samples via separation For example, we could separate a dye out to determine the mixture of dye...
13C NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used for analysing organic compounds Atoms with odd mass numbers usually show signals on NMR For example, isotopes of atoms Many of t...
高考成績出爐了，面對(duì)這場(chǎng)千萬人參加的大考，高考生面臨的壓力可想而知，不少學(xué)生和家長將目光投向更廣闊的海外院校。澳洲擁有優(yōu)質(zhì)的環(huán)境和教育，以及靈活多樣的本科入學(xué)方式，成為高考留學(xué)雙保險(xiǎn)的首選國家。 20...
