Poly(alkenes) & Biodegradability Many of the polymers in use have been produced through addition polymerisation of alkenes The (poly)alkene chains are non-polar and saturated This makes them ch...
Predicting Type of Polymerisation When a set of monomers are given in an exam question, the type of polymerisation can be determined Firstly, it’s important to identify the key functional groups in...
Deducing the Repeat Unit of a Condensation Polymer In condensation polymerisation the monomers either contain 2 of the same functional group or one single monomer has both functional groups needed ...
Formation of Polyamides Amide link Polyamides are also formed using condensation polymerisation An amide link - also known as a peptide link - is the key functional group in a polyamide Monomers A ...
Formation of Polyesters Addition polymerisation has been covered in reactions of alkenes They are made using monomers that have C-C double bonds joined together to form polymers such as (poly)ethen...
Electrophoresis Electrophoresis?is an?analytical technique?which separates ions by placing them in an electrical field This method is often used in?biochemical analysis?to?identify?and?purify?prote...
Formation of Peptide Bonds Each amino acid contains an amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) group The -NH2?group of?one amino acid?can react with the -COOH group of?another amino acid?in a?cond...
Acid / Base Properties of Amino Acids, Zwitterions & the Isoelectric Point Amino acids?are?organic compounds?that contain two functional groups: A basic?amino?(-NH2) group An acidic?carboxylic?...
Relative Basicity of Amides & Amines A?base?is a species that can?donate?its lone pair of electrons to form a?dative covalent bond?with another species Amines?are basic as the?nitrogen?atom has...
Reactions of Amides Amides?are formed from the?condensation reaction?of?carboxylic acids or acyl chlorides?with?ammonia or amines The amide group (CONR2) in these compounds can undergo reactions in...
Azo Compounds Azo?(or?diazonium)?compounds?are organic compounds that have an R1-N=N-R2?group They are often used as?dyes?and are formed in a?coupling reaction?between the?diazonium ion?and an?alka...
Relative Basicity of Aqueous Ammonia, Ethylamine & Phenylamine Ammonia and amines act as?bases?as they can donate their lone pair of electrons to form a dative covalent bond with a proton The?b...
