Define Complex A?complex?is a molecule or ion formed by a?central metal atom?or ion?surrounded by one or more?ligands A ligand is a species that contains one or more?lone pairs of electrons The lig...
Define Ligand A?ligand?is a molecule or ion that has?one?or?more?lone pairs of electrons These lone pairs of electrons are donated by the ligand, to form?dative covalent bonds?to a central metal at...
Transition Elements: Ligands & Complex Formation Transition element ions can form complexes which consist of a?central metal ion?and?ligands Copper(II) and cobalt(II) ions will be used as examp...
Effects of the 3d & 4s Subshells on Oxidation States of the Transition Elements Transition elements can have?variable oxidation states These variable oxidation states can be formed as the 3d an...
Define Transition Element Transition elements?are d-block elements which form?one?or?more?stable?ions?with an?incomplete d subshell They are all metals found in the d-block of the Periodic Table, b...
Effect of Ionic Radius on Thermal Stability of Group 2 Nitrates & Carbonates The Group 2 nitrates and carbonates become?more thermally stable?going down the group The?charge density?of the cati...
Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Catalysis Catalysts?increase the rate of reaction by providing an alternative pathway which has a lower?activation energy Catalysts can be either?homogeneous?or?hete...
ssat閱讀怎么學？很多同學在做SSAT題目的初期都很不適應，多數會與托福閱讀產生比較。SSAT是一種測試學術能力的考試，在閱讀上就體現為對考生理解能力的考查，考查的要求也不僅僅是看懂文章，而是要求真正理解文...
Effect of Temperature on the Rate Constant At higher temperatures, a greater proportion of molecules have energy greater than than the activation energy Since the?rate constant?and?rate of reaction...
Kinetics of Multi-Step Reactions The?reaction?mechanism?of a reaction describes how many steps are involved in the?making?and?breaking?of bonds during a chemical reaction It is the slowest step in ...
Calculating the Rate Constant The?rate?constant?(k) of a reaction can be calculated using: The?initial?rates?and the rate equation The?half-life Calculating the rate constant from the initial rate ...
First Order Reaction Half-life The?half-life?of a?first-order?reaction is?independent?of the concentration of reactants This means that despite the?concentrations of the reactants decreasing?during...
