Balancing Equations A?symbol?equation is a shorthand way of describing a chemical reaction using?chemical symbols?to show the number and type of each atom in the reactants and products A?word?equat...
Formulae of Ionic Compounds Ionic?compounds?are formed from a?metal?and a?nonmetal?bonded together Ionic compounds are electrically neutral; the positive charges equal the negative charges Charges ...
Mole & Avogadro Constant The?Avogadro constant?(NA?or?L) is the number of particles equivalent to the relative?atomic?mass?or?molecular mass?of a substance The Avogadro constant applies to atom...
Relative Masses Atomic Mass Unit The mass of a single atom is so small that it is impossible to weigh it directly Atomic masses are therefore defined in terms of a?standard?atom which is called the...
Ionisation Energies: Explained Energy?is required to remove an outer shell electron as this involves breaking the?attractive?forces?between the electron and the?positively?charged?nucleus There are...
Ionisation Energies: Trends Ionisation energies show?periodicity?- a trend across a period of the Periodic Table As could be expected from their electronic configuration, the group I metals have a ...
Ionisation Energies The?Ionisation?Energy?(IE) of an element is the amount of energy required to remove?one mole?of electrons from?one mole?of gaseous atoms of an element to form?one mole?of gaseou...
Determining Electronic Configurations Writing out the?electronic?configuration?tells us how the electrons in an atom or ion are arranged in their shells, subshells and orbitals This can be done usi...
Electron Configurations: Basics The?electron configuration?gives information about the number of electrons in each?shell, subshell?and?orbital?of an atom The subshells are filled in order of increa...
Electron Orbitals Each shell can be divided further into?subshells, labelled s, p, d and f Each subshell can hold a specific number of orbitals: s subshell : 1 orbital p subshell : 3 orbitals label...
Electron Shells: Basics Shells The arrangement of electrons in an atom is called the?electronic?configuration Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in?principal energy levels?or?principal quant...
Isotopes: Basics Isotopes are atoms of the?same?element?that contain the same number of?protons?and electrons but a different number of?neutrons The symbol for an isotope is the?chemical?symbol?(or...
