Testing for Non-Reducing Sugars Sugars can be classified as reducing or non-reducing; this classification is dependent on their ability to donate electrons (a reducing sugar that is able to donate ...
The Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugars Method Add?Benedict's reagent?(which is blue as it contains copper (II) sulfate ions) to a sample solution in a test tube It is important that an excess of B...
Testing for Key Biological Molecules There are a number of tests that can be carried out quickly and easily in a lab to determine if a sample contains one of the key biological molecules (carbohydr...
Key Features of Viruses Viruses?are?non-cellular infectious particles?that straddle the boundary between ‘living’ and ‘non-living’ They are relatively simple in structure; much smaller than prokary...
Structural Features of Typical Prokaryotic Cells Animal and plant cells are types of?eukaryotic?cells, whereas bacteria are a type of?prokaryote Prokaryotes have a cellular structure distinct from ...
The Vital Role of ATP All organisms require a?constant supply of energy?to maintain their cells and stay alive This energy is required: In?anabolic?reactions – building larger molecules from smalle...
Electron Micrographs: Animal Cells TEM electron micrograph of an animal cell showing key features Exam Tip You should be able to describe and interpret photomicrographs, electron micrographs and dr...
Eukaryotic Cell Structures & Functions Cell surface membrane The structure of the cell surface membrane – although the structure looks static the phospholipids and proteins forming the bilayer ...
Calculating Actual Size When investigating the size of organisms and biological structures you will use a microscope of a specific magnification to produce an image Photomicrographs?are images obta...
