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哈佛國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)論文大賽由哈佛大學(xué)本科生經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)協(xié)會（HUEA）和《哈佛大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)評論》（HCER）聯(lián)合主辦。本次論文比賽面向所有高中生，讓學(xué)生有機(jī)會展示自己的寫作水平和對經(jīng)濟(jì)理論的理解。通過比賽，學(xué)生可以磨練學(xué)術(shù)和專業(yè)技能，并向未來的雇主很好的展示自己，獲得更多學(xué)術(shù)項(xiàng)目。

參賽者須利用經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)案例提出一個(gè)令人信服的論點(diǎn)。獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)撐膶l(fā)表在《哈佛經(jīng)濟(jì)評論》（Harvard Economics Review）上，供更多哈佛人閱讀。論文應(yīng)側(cè)重于以事實(shí)和參考文獻(xiàn)為支撐的論證，當(dāng)然也歡迎基于數(shù)據(jù)撰寫的論文。

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2025賽季題目已公布：

1.環(huán)境- Environment

Carbon taxes have been implemented in many countries, including in Europe and the United States, and are considered to play a significant role in regulating greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are criticisms regarding this approach, such as the argument that it is not effective because enterprises may keep polluting as long as they pay the cost. Additionally, the competitive advantage of imported products from countries without carbon taxes raises questions about its effectiveness. What unique effects can be anticipated from carbon taxes compared to subsidies for renewable energy? To address the concerns currently raised about carbon taxation, what potential alternatives could be considered?

包括歐洲和美國在內(nèi)的許多國家都實(shí)施了碳稅，并認(rèn)為碳稅在調(diào)節(jié)溫室氣體排放方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。

然而，也有人對這種方法提出了疑問，例如有人認(rèn)為這種方法并不有效，因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)只要支付了成本，就可能繼續(xù)產(chǎn)生污染。

此外，沒有征收碳稅的國家的進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品具有競爭優(yōu)勢，這也讓人質(zhì)疑其有效性。

與可再生能源補(bǔ)貼相比，碳稅有哪些獨(dú)特效果？為了解決目前人們對碳稅的擔(dān)憂，可以考慮哪些潛在的替代方案？

2.不平等- Inequality

Consider a country where income taxes are used to address socioeconomic inequality by taxing a portion of citizens' earnings, typically in a way that is proportional to income. Now, imagine that this government is debating a policy shift that would eliminate income taxes for all employed persons, replacing them with a new consumption tax on goods and services, proportional to the value of each item purchased. Analyze the potential short - term and long - term economic and social effects of this policy shift within this country, as well as possible impacts on its relationships with other nations. Would you recommend this approach as a viable alternative to income taxes? Additionally, consider how at least two different groups (e.g., high - income earners, retirees, unemployed persons) might view this policy change. Would they likely support or oppose it, and why?

假設(shè)在一個(gè)國家，所得稅是通過對公民收入的一部分征稅來解決社會經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等問題的，征稅方式通常與收入成正比。

現(xiàn)在，假設(shè)這個(gè)國家的政府正在討論一項(xiàng)政策調(diào)整，取消對所有就業(yè)人員征收所得稅，取而代之的是對商品和服務(wù)征收新的消費(fèi)稅，稅率與購買的每件物品的價(jià)值成正比。

請分析這一政策轉(zhuǎn)變對本國經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會可能產(chǎn)生的短期和長期影響，以及對本國與其他國家關(guān)系可能產(chǎn)生的影響。你是否建議將此方法作為所得稅的可行替代方案？

此外，請考慮至少兩個(gè)不同的群體（如高收入者、退休人員、失業(yè)人員）會如何看待這一政策變化。他們會支持還是反對，為什么？

3.勞動(dòng)力和教育 Workforce & Education

As automation and technological advancements continue to reshape industries, the skill sets required in the workforce are rapidly changing. How should education systems adapt to prepare students for a future dominated by automation and artificial intelligence? Evaluate the potential economic impact of reorienting education around STEM fields versus soft skills and critical thinking. What changes can be made at both the policy and institutional levels to ensure a workforce that is resilient and capable of thriving in an automated world?

隨著自動(dòng)化和技術(shù)進(jìn)步不斷重塑各行各業(yè)，勞動(dòng)力所需的技能組合也在迅速變化。

教育系統(tǒng)應(yīng)如何調(diào)整，以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生適應(yīng)由自動(dòng)化和人工智能主導(dǎo)的未來？

請?jiān)u估圍繞科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域調(diào)整教育方向，相對于軟技能和批判性思維會產(chǎn)生什么潛在經(jīng)濟(jì)影響？

在政策和制度層面可以做出哪些改變，以確保勞動(dòng)力具有適應(yīng)力，能夠在自動(dòng)化世界中茁壯成長？

4.加密貨幣/金融 Crypto/Finance

With the rise of cryptocurrencies and the potential introduction of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), the role of traditional central banks may undergo significant shifts. How might the widespread adoption of digital currencies affect monetary policy, financial stability, and global capital flows? Should central banks regulate or embrace these innovations? Discuss the potential benefits and risks of digital currencies for consumers, businesses, and governments, and analyze how monetary systems could evolve in response.

隨著加密貨幣的興起和央行數(shù)字貨幣（CBDCs）的潛在引入，傳統(tǒng)央行的角色可能會發(fā)生重大轉(zhuǎn)變。

數(shù)字貨幣的廣泛采用會如何影響貨幣政策、金融穩(wěn)定和全球資本流動(dòng)？中央銀行應(yīng)該監(jiān)管還是擁抱這些創(chuàng)新？

討論數(shù)字貨幣對消費(fèi)者、企業(yè)和政府的潛在利益和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并分析貨幣體系可能如何演變以應(yīng)對。