第33屆國際青年物理學(xué)家競賽IYPT2020中英文版賽題

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為廣大學(xué)員家長提供高端本科研究生申請及就業(yè)咨詢，有一對一等多種線上線下的教輔方式，為學(xué)員量身定制從9年級到研究生的權(quán)威全程國際學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)方案。

IYPT2020中英文版賽題

1. Invent Yourself

Design an instrument formeasuring current using its heating effect. What are the accuracy, precisionand limits of the method?

自己發(fā)明

設(shè)計(jì)一種利用熱效應(yīng)測量電流的儀器。該方法的準(zhǔn)確度、精密度和局限性是什么？

2.Inconspicuous Bottle

Put a lit candle behind abottle. If you blow on the bottle from the opposite side, the candle may goout, as if the bottle was not there at all. Explain the phenomenon.

不起眼的瓶子

將點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭放在瓶子后面。如果你從蠟燭的對面吹瓶子，蠟燭同樣可能熄滅，好像瓶子根本不在那里。解釋這個(gè)現(xiàn)象。

3. Swinging Sound Tube

A Sound Tube is a toy,consisting of a corrugated plastic tube, that you can spin around to producesounds. Study the characteristics of the sounds produced by such toys, and howthey are affected by the relevant parameters.

搖擺的聲管

聲管是一種玩具，由波紋塑料管組成，你可以旋轉(zhuǎn)聲管產(chǎn)生聲音。研究這些玩具發(fā)出的聲音的特性，以及它們?nèi)绾问艿较嚓P(guān)參數(shù)的影響。

4. Singing Ferrite

Insert a ferrite rod intoa coil fed from a signal generator. At some frequencies the rod begins toproduce a sound. Investigate the phenomenon.

“歌神”鐵氧體

將鐵氧體棒插入信號發(fā)生器供電的線圈中。在某些頻率下，鐵氧體棒開始發(fā)出聲音。研究這一現(xiàn)象。

5. Sweet Mirage

Fata Morgana is the namegiven to a particular form of mirage. A similar effect can be produced byshining a laser through a fluid with a refractive index gradient. Investigatethe phenomenon.

甜蜜的海市蜃樓

法塔莫干納是一種特殊形式的海市蜃樓的名字。而使用激光照射具有折射率梯度的流體時(shí)，也會(huì)產(chǎn)生類似的效果。研究這一現(xiàn)象。

6. Saxon Bowl

A bowl with a hole in itsbase will sink when placed in water. The Saxons used this device for timingpurposes. Investigate the parameters that determine the time of sinking.

撒克遜碗

一個(gè)底部有洞的碗放在水中會(huì)下沉。撒克遜人用這個(gè)裝置來計(jì)時(shí)。研究決定下沉?xí)r間的參數(shù)。

7. Balls on a String

Put a string through aball with a hole in it such that the ball can move freely along the string. Attachanother ball to one end of the string. When you move the free end periodically,you can observe complex movements of the two balls. Investigate the phenomenon.

繩子上的球

將繩子穿過一個(gè)帶有洞的球，這樣球就可以沿著繩子自由移動(dòng)。把另一個(gè)球系在繩子的一端。當(dāng)你周期性地移動(dòng)繩子的自由端時(shí)，你可以觀察到兩個(gè)球的復(fù)雜運(yùn)動(dòng)。研究這一現(xiàn)象。

8. Soap Membrane Filter

A heavy particle may fallthrough a horizontal soap film without rupturing it. However, a light particlemay not penetrate the film and may remain on its surface. Investigate theproperties of such a membrane filter.

肥皂膜過濾器

一個(gè)重顆粒可以通過一個(gè)水平的肥皂膜而不會(huì)使其破裂。然而，輕粒子可能無法穿透膜并可能停留在其表面上。研究這種膜過濾器的性能。

9. Magnetic Levitation

Under certaincircumstances, the “flea” of a magnetic stirrer can rise up and levitate stablyin a viscous fluid during stirring. Investigate the origins of the dynamicstabilization of the “flea” and how it depends on the relevant parameters.

磁懸浮

在某些特定情況下，磁力攪拌器的“攪拌子”在攪拌時(shí)，能在粘性流體中穩(wěn)定地上升和懸浮。研究“攪拌子”動(dòng)態(tài)穩(wěn)定的起源，以及它如何依賴相關(guān)參數(shù)。

10. Conducting Lines

A line drawn with apencil on paper can be electrically conducting. Investigate the characteristicsof the conducting line.

畫出來的導(dǎo)線

用鉛筆在紙上畫的線可以導(dǎo)電。研究這種導(dǎo)線特性。

11. Drifting Speckles

Shine a laser beam onto adark surface. A granular pattern can be seen inside the spot. When the patternis observed by a camera or the eye, that is moving slowly, the pattern seems todrift relative to the surface. Explain the phenomenon and investigate how thedrift depends on relevant parameters.

漂移的斑點(diǎn)

將激光束照射到黑暗的表面上。在斑點(diǎn)內(nèi)可以看到顆粒狀圖案。當(dāng)用相機(jī)或人眼觀察這個(gè)圖案時(shí)，圖案似乎在緩慢移動(dòng)，圖案相對于表面似乎在漂移。解釋現(xiàn)象并研究漂移如何取決于相關(guān)參數(shù)。

12. Polygon Vortex

A stationary cylindricalvessel containing a rotating plate near the bottle surface is partially filledwith liquid. Under certain conditions, the shape of the liquid surface becomespolygon-like. Explain this phenomenon and investigate the dependence on therelevant parameters.

多邊形渦流

在瓶面附近裝有旋轉(zhuǎn)板的靜止圓柱形容器中，部分裝有液體。在一定條件下，液體表面的形狀會(huì)變成多邊形。解釋這一現(xiàn)象并研究其對相關(guān)參數(shù)的依賴性。

13.Friction Oscillator

A massive object isplaced onto two identical parallel horizontal cylinders. The two cylinders eachrotate with the same angular velocity, but in opposite directions. Investigatehow the motion of the object on the cylinders depends on the relevantparameters.

摩擦振子

一個(gè)大塊的物體被放置在兩個(gè)相同的平行水平圓柱體上。兩個(gè)圓柱各自以相同的角速度旋轉(zhuǎn)，但方向相反。研究物體在圓柱體上的運(yùn)動(dòng)如何依賴于相關(guān)參數(shù)。

14.Falling Tower

Identical discs arestacked one on top of another to form a freestanding tower. The bottom disc canbe removed by applying a sudden horizontal force such that the rest of thetower will drop down onto the surface and the tower remains standing.Investigate the phenomenon and determine the conditions that allow the tower toremain standing.

下落的塔

相同的圓盤，一個(gè)疊在另一個(gè)上面，形成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的塔。當(dāng)塔底部的圓盤通過施加一個(gè)突然的水平力來移除，塔身的其余部分就會(huì)掉落到底面上，并依然保持直立狀態(tài)。研究該現(xiàn)象并確定允許塔保持靜止直立的條件。

15. Pepper Pot

If you take a salt orpepper pot and just shake it, the contents will pour out relatively slowly.However, if an object is rubbed along the bottom of the pot, then the rate ofpouring can increase dramatically. Explain this phenomenon and investigate howthe rate depends on the relevant parameters.

胡椒罐

如果你拿一個(gè)鹽或胡椒罐，搖晃罐子，里面的東西就會(huì)慢慢地倒出來。然而，如果一個(gè)物體沿罐底摩擦，則倒出速度會(huì)顯著增加。解釋這種現(xiàn)象，并研究倒出速度如何依賴于相關(guān)參數(shù)。

16. Nitinol Engine

Place a nitinol wire looparound two pulleys with their axes located at some distance from each other. Ifone of the pulleys is immersed into hot water, the wire tends to straighten,causing a rotation of the pulleys. Investigate the properties of such anengine.

鎳鈦合金發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

將鎳鈦合金線圈繞在兩個(gè)滑輪上，同時(shí)兩個(gè)滑輪的軸彼此相距一定距離。如果其中一個(gè)滑輪浸入熱水中，金屬絲就會(huì)變直，導(dǎo)致滑輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。研究這種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的性能。

17. Playing Card

A standard playing cardcan travel a very long distance provided that spin is imparted as it is thrown.Investigate the parameters that affect the distance and the trajectory

玩紙牌

一張標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的撲克牌只要在投擲的過程中旋轉(zhuǎn)，就可以運(yùn)動(dòng)很長的一段距離。研究影響距離和軌跡的參數(shù)

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