文章的用語、結(jié)構(gòu)、立意、細節(jié)等都可以影響讀者和考官對于這篇寫作的印象。

我們總結(jié)了一些寫作中容易出現(xiàn)也容易被忽視的錯誤，以下分析中使用的例子來自達師學(xué)生的作業(yè)，大家可以一起來參考、學(xué)習(xí)。

< 原句來自達師學(xué)生的作文修改?>

ThevsA/An定冠詞/不定冠詞的使用

相信大家對這兩類冠詞已經(jīng)有過了解，關(guān)于它們的使用方式也是老生常談，但這樣的小細節(jié)我們在寫作時可能會粗心忽略，所以也有必要再復(fù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)。

• Don't Use "a," "an," or "the" with a plural count noun when you mean "some of many things," "any," "in general."

原句：However, technology played a bigger role ten years later as the National Defense Education Act began providing schools with technology. Now, more and more schools are merging technology with education, enhancing a student’s learning experience and providing an alternative way of learning.

建議：這里，“a student's learning experience”容易讓人誤解為只有一個學(xué)生的體驗，所以可以改為復(fù)數(shù)：enhancing students' learning experience， 或用enhancing the student learning experience

原句：Second, technology in classrooms also help the teachers with their duties. The use of technology can help teachers with most of their repetitive works, thus increasing their efficiency.

建議：原句想表達的意思應(yīng)該是課堂中的科技有助于老師們完成一些任務(wù)，而非特指某一群老師，所以可以去掉“the”改為：“help teachers with their duties”

• a/an is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns. We often use “a” when we mention something for the first time, and then change to "the" when it is clear which thing we are talking about:

原句：It was a dark night, in a cosy house with all curtains up. The television seems to be the only light late in the night.

這一句話中用上了多個a和the，并且基本正確。第一句中，當不特指某個夜晚或房子時，可以用a。第二句中因是特指這個房中的電視，唯一的光線，及第二次提到“night”，所以用the。

一些常見的無需使用冠詞的名詞有以下幾類：

語言和國籍：Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian (除非指某個國家的人，例如："The Spanish are known for their warm hospitality.")

運動的名稱：volleyball, hockey, baseball

學(xué)科的名稱：mathematics, biology, history, computer science

Run-on Sentence連寫句

Run-on sentence是指兩個獨立的、完整的句子連接起來，而中間沒有放置恰當?shù)臉它c符號或連接詞。這也是寫作中常見的一種錯誤，需要多加注意。

原句：Many media claim that video game is one of the most major factor why the Violence in the US is sky soaring. But as a matter of fact it not at all seems to be true. Video games offers kid with fun instead of teaching them how to commit crime. I remember there was a time when I saw all those memes on a gaming page I liked, they were all about comparing the past war crimes to the contents of the not-at-all-invented video games.

建議：這句話中，前后明顯有兩個完整的句子，其中卻用逗號連接，因此出現(xiàn)了run on sentence的錯誤。可以講逗號改為句號。

我們也可以通過加入適當?shù)倪B接詞來糾正這種錯誤，如：

原句：My professor read my paper, she said it was well done.

建議：My professor read my paper, and she said it was well done.

Tense Consistency統(tǒng)一時態(tài)

無論在敘述型還是議論文寫作中，時態(tài)的統(tǒng)一都是很重要的。

寫作中常涉及到講故事，除了敘述型寫作，寫議論文時也會提到小故事或假定的場景。因此，文章中提到的不同事件可能有時間上的先后關(guān)系，動作完成的時間也不同。

一般來說，作者會選定并讓整篇文章保持主要的時態(tài)，只在相對于主要時態(tài)（通常是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時）有不同時才改變時態(tài)。因此，在非敘述型，也就是常見的議論、說明類型寫作中，時態(tài)基本上是不會變化的。頻繁變更時態(tài)可能會讓文章表意不清，造成讀者的困惑。

時態(tài)使用的原則：

1. Do not shift from one tense to another if the time frame for each action or state is the same. Do shift tense to indicate a change in time frame from one action or state to another.

如果動作發(fā)生在同一時間段，不要變化時態(tài)；如果動作發(fā)生在不同時間段，則需要變化時態(tài)。

2. Establish a primary tense for the main discourse, and use occasional shifts to other tenses to indicate changes in time frame. Controlling shifts in a paragraph or essay

先為整篇文章確定一個主要的時態(tài)，保持整篇的時態(tài)統(tǒng)一，只在需要變化時用不同的時態(tài)。盡量控制在段落和文章中時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。

好了，希望以上這些tips對你們有用！！