美國科學院于發布的一本Careers in Science and Technology: A Student Planning Guide to
Grad School and Beyond(http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5129),里面第133和134頁談到了我們念研究生應該培養什么樣的能力。
Skills and Attributes that Contribute to a Successful Career as a
Scientist, Engineer, Scholar, or Professional
Intellectual Skills
1. Honesty (誠實)
2. Curiosity (有好奇心)
3. Discrimination—ability to distinguish what is important from what is
trivial(辨別事情的輕重緩急!)
4. Imagination and creativity (培養自己想象力和創造力!)
5. Common sense(對環境條件和事實的感知的理性的判斷!)
6. Objectivity (客觀理智的對待問題!減少主觀臆斷造成的損失!)
7. Intuition (判斷客觀事實、 痛苦與快樂的直覺!)
8. Skill in observation of natural, technical, or social phenomena (對大自然、科學技術和社會生活的感受力和洞察力!)
9. Systematic problem-solving (系統、條理的處理問題的能力!)
10. A good memory (多思考減少未來可能及早到來的老年癡呆!)
11. Capacity for logical reasoning, including abstract and theoretical
reasoning (培養邏輯推理能力,這不是一般人能真正學到的,總結和理性邏輯的能力很重要。)
12. Capacity to draw logical inferences from observational and experimental
data (從表面現象推導本質問題的能力!無論在生活還是工作中都很重要。)
13. Ability to conceive an explanatory hypothesis and design critical tests
to evaluate it(要能對產生的實際問題做出全面合理的假設,然后設計方案解決它!)
Communication Skills
1. Capacity to retrieve information from published sources(提取信息的能力!)
2. Skill in learning by interview methods (通過互相交談進行學習的能力!這是接收信息的能力!)
3. Capacity to communicate in writing (寫作中的表達能力!)
4. Capacity to communicate orally (口頭相互交流的能力!)
5. Skill in use of computers and other information-processing devices
6. Skill in graphic display of information and ideas(會用圖景表達自己的想法!這是最直接的和生動的表達方式,應該努力培養!)
Personality Characteristics
1. Maturity (人格、人生觀和價值觀的成熟!)
2. Motivation and drive (應該學會自我激勵!)
3. Self-confidence (要絕對自信!)
4. Dependability (讓自己值得信賴!communication can take effect!)