【5月AP備考】微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)知識點總結(jié)：Deadweight Loss

A．What is deadweight loss? （定義）Deadweight Loss （無謂損失），又稱為福利凈損失?（Welfare Loss），是指由于市場未處于最優(yōu)運行狀態(tài)（Market Equilibrium）而引起的社會成本。所產(chǎn)生的社會福利損失具體體現(xiàn)在消費者剩余（Consumer Surplus）和生產(chǎn)者剩余（Producer Surplus）的減少。?B．Why it is so important?（相關(guān)考題）Deadweight Loss是一個相對抽象的概念，并和許多知識點存在聯(lián)系。在歷年的AP考試當(dāng)中，這個知識點卻是一個必不可少的考點。以下是歷年真題當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)過與Deadweight Loss相關(guān)的考題，大家看完這篇文章之后，不妨做一下真題，有不懂的問題歡迎在AP群里面提出，和同學(xué)們老師們一起探討。與Deadweight Loss相關(guān)的Multiple-Choice Questions

??(2010) Q3&4

??(2015) Q57

??(2012) Q48

·與Deadweight Loss相關(guān)的 Free-Response Questions

??(2018) Q1

??(2015) Q2

??(2014) Q1

??(2012) Q1

C．What may cause deadweight loss?1.?A Binding Price (Price Floor & Price Ceiling)??Price?Ceilings?Definition:A?price?ceiling?is?meant?to?set?a?price?below?the?equilibrium.??Example: Rent?Control

??Welfare Analysis (measure the deadweight loss)

??Price?Floors

??A?price?floor?is?meant?to?set?a?price?above?the?equilibrium.

??Example: Minimum?Wage

??Welfare Analysis (measure the deadweight loss)

 

2.?A Tax or Subsidy·?Tax??Tax: Market Outcome

??Welfare Analysis (measure the deadweight loss)

 

·?Subsidy

??Subsidy: Market Outcome

??Welfare Analysis (measure the deadweight loss)

 

3.?Externality·?Positive Externality??Positive Externality: Market Outcome

??Welfare Analysis (measure the deadweight loss)

·?Negative Externality

??Negative Externality: Market Outcome

??Welfare Analysis (measure the deadweight loss)

4.?Artificial Scarcity as a Result of Monopoly Pricing??Monopoly’s?market outcome?and prefect competition market outcome compared??Welfare Analysis (measure the deadweight loss)

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