Edexcel IGCSE Physics 復習筆記 1.2.1 Types of Forces
Edexcel IGCSE Physics 復習筆記 1.2.1 Types of Forces
Effects of Forces
- Forces can affect bodies in a variety of ways:
- Changes in?speed: forces can cause bodies to speed up or slow down
- Changes in?direction: forces can cause bodies to change their direction of travel
- Changes in?shape: forces can cause bodies to?stretch,?compress, or?deform
The effects of different forces on objects
Types of Forces
- There are many types of force. Some examples include:
- Gravitational?(or?weight) - the force between any two objects with mass (like the Earth and the Moon)
- Electrostatic?- the force between any two objects with charge (like a proton and an electron)
- Thrust?- the force pushing a vehicle (like the push from rocket engines on the shuttle)
- Upthrust?- the upward force on any object in a fluid (like a boat on the surface of a river)
- Air resistance?(or?drag) - the force of friction between objects falling through the air (like a skydiver in freefall)
- Compression?- forces that squeeze an object (like squeezing a spring)
- Tension?- forces that stretch an object (like two teams in a tug-of-war)
- Reaction force?- the force between any two objects in contact (like the upwards force from a table on a book)
Several types of forces acting on different objects
Exam Tip
The force of gravity on an object is called its?weight. Remember not to refer to this force as simply 'gravity', as this term can mean several different things and examiners will probably mark it as wrong.Similarly, when referring to?air resistance, avoid using terms like 'wind resistance' (there is no such thing!) or 'air pressure', which is a different concept.?Drag?is an acceptable alternative to the force of air resistance.
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