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EDEXCEL IGCSE CHEMISTRY: DOUBLE SCIENCE 復(fù)習(xí)筆記：1.7.2 Covalent Bonds: Dot & Cross Diagrams

Category: IGCSE課程, 國際課程, 教材筆記, 福利干貨 Date: 2022年11月11日下午5:07

EDEXCEL IGCSE CHEMISTRY: DOUBLE SCIENCE 復(fù)習(xí)筆記：1.7.2 Covalent Bonds: Dot & Cross Diagrams

Covalent Bonds: Dot & Cross Diagrams

Covalent substances tend to have small molecular structures, such as Cl₂, H₂O or CO₂
These small molecules are known as?simple molecules
Small covalent molecules can be represented by dot and cross diagrams
You need to be able to describe and draw the structures of the following molecules using dot-and-cross diagrams: hydrogen (H₂), chlorine (Cl₂), oxygen (O₂), nitrogen (N₂), hydrogen chloride (HCl), water (H₂O), ammonia (NH₃) and methane (CH₄)
The correct dot and cross diagrams for these molecules are shown below:

Diatomic Molecules

Dot & cross representation of a molecule of hydrogen

Dot & cross representation of a molecule of chlorine

Dot & cross representation of a molecule of oxygen

Dot & cross representation of a molecule of nitrogen

Dot & cross representation of a molecule of hydrogen chloride

Inorganic Molecules

Dot & cross representation of a molecule of water

Dot & cross representation of a molecule of ammonia

Dot & cross representation of a molecule of carbon dioxide

Organic Molecules

Dot & cross representation of a molecule of methane

Dot & cross representation of a molecule of ethane

Dot & cross representation of a molecule of ethene

Exam Tip

Simple covalent molecules are small and can be separated into individual molecular units without breaking any chemical bonds (although there will still be strong covalent bonds holding the atoms in each individual molecule together) Giant ionic and covalent structures form huge continuous networks of atoms that are bonded together and cannot be separated into individual units without breaking bonds.

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