Edexcel IGCSE Maths 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 1.11.1 Ratios What is a ratio? A?ratio?is a way of comparing one part of a whole to another A?ratio?can also be expressed as a?fraction?(of the whole) We often use a ra...
Condensation Polymers Addition polymerisation has been covered in reactions of alkenes They are made using monomers that have C=C double bonds joined together to form polymers such as polyet...
Amino Acids Amino acids?are?organic compounds?that contain two functional groups: A basic?amino?(-NH2) group An acidic?carboxylic?acid?(-COOH) group Due to the presence of both a?basi...
Organic Synthesis It is possible to make a large number of organic products from a few starting compounds and the necessary reagents and conditions Knowing how organic functional groups are ...
Organic Mechanisms Organic Mechanisms Throughout the A Level course you have met a number of organic mechanisms You must be able to provide these in full if asked for You must be able to app...
Principles of NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)?spectroscopy is used for analysing organic compounds NMR analysis can provide information about the positions of?13C and?1H atoms in a mole...
Principles of Chromatography Principles of Chromatography Chromatography is a technique that enables the separation of mixtures and includes: thin-layer chromatography (TLC) column chromatog...
Metal Aqua-Ions Transition metal salts that are readily soluble in water are forming metal-aqua complex ions when they dissolve in water When we show copper sulfate dissolving in water it is...
General Properties of Transition Metals Transition metals are elements with an incomplete d-subshell that can form at least one stable ion with an incomplete d-subshell This definition disti...
Na & Mg with water Sodium & Magnesium Both sodium, Na, and magnesium, Mg, are metals and are found in Group 1 and Group 2 of the periodic table respectively Both have high melting po...
Acid Dissociation Constant Weak acids A?weak acid?is an acid that?partially?(or incompletely)?dissociates?in aqueous solutions Eg. most organic acids (ethanoic acid), HCN (hydrocyanic acid),...
Br?nsted–Lowry Acid & Bases A?Br?nsted acid?is a species that can donate a proton For example, hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a Br?nsted acid as it can lose a proton to form a hydrogen (H+) ...
