Forces & Inverse-Square Law Behaviour The gravitational force between two bodies outside a uniform field (for example, between the Earth and the Sun) is defined by Newton’s Law of Gravitation w...
Orbital Motion, Speed & Energy Since most planets and satellites have a near circular orbit, the gravitational force?FG?between the sun or another planet provides the?centripetal force?needed t...
Escape Speed To escape a gravitational field, a mass must travel at the?escape velocity This is dependent on the mass and radius of the object creating the gravitational field, such as a planet, a ...
Potential in a Charged Sphere The?electric potential?in the field due to a?point charge?is defined as:Where: V?= the electric potential (V) Q?= the point charge producing the potential (C) ε0?=?per...
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Potential Gradient Electric?Potential Gradient An electric field can be defined in terms of the variation of?electric potential?at different points in the field: The electric field at a particular ...
Potential Energy Calculations Electric Potential Energy of Two Point Charges The electric potential energy Ep?at point in an electric field is defined as: The work done in bringing a charge from in...
Potential & Potential Energy Work Done on a Mass When a mass is moved against the force of gravity, work is done The work done in moving a mass?m?is given by: Where: ?W?= change in work done (J...
Equipotential Surfaces Equipotential lines (when working in 2D) and surfaces (when working in 3D) join together points that have the same?gravitational potential These are always: Perpendicular?to ...
Gravitational & Electrostatic Potential Gravitational Potential The gravitational potential energy (G.P.E) is the energy an object has when lifted off the ground G.P.E is given by the familiar ...
Gravitational & Electrostatic Field Lines Gravitational Field Lines The direction of a gravitational field is represented by gravitational field lines The gravitational field lines around a poi...
