Empirical & Molecular Formulae The?molecular?formula?is the formula that shows the?number?and?type?of each atom in a molecule E.g. the molecular formula of ethanoic acid is C2H4O2 ...
Ionisation Energies: Equations The?second ionisation energy?(IE2) is the energy required to remove the second mole of electrons from each +1 ion in a mole of gaseous +1 ions, to form one mol...
Ionisation Energies The?Ionisation?Energy?(IE) of an element is the amount of energy required to remove?one mole?of electrons from?one mole?of gaseous atoms of an element to form?one mole?of...
Deducing the Electron Configuration The Periodic Table is split up into four main blocks depending on their electron configuration Elements can be classified as an s-block element, p-block e...
Electron Shells Shells The arrangement of electrons in an atom is called the?electron?configuration Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in?principal energy levels?or?principal quantum ...
Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique It is the most useful instrument for accurate determination of the relative atomic mass of an element, b...
Subatomic Structure of Atoms & Ions The mass of an atom is?concentrated?in the nucleus, because the nucleus contains the heaviest subatomic particles (the neutrons and protons) The mass ...
Edexcel IGCSE Biology 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 2.10.1 Homeostasis Response to Change: Homeostasis Homeostasis is the?control?or?regulation?of the?internal?conditions?of a cell or organism Some examples of t...
Edexcel IGCSE Biology 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 2.9.5 Regulating Water Content in the Blood Regulating Water Content in the Blood Osmoregulation?is the process of maintaining water and salt concentrations (o...
