Avogadro's Law Volumes of gases In 1811 the Italian scientist Amedeo?Avogadro?developed a theory about the volume of gases Avogadro’s law?(also called?Avogadro’s hypothesis)?enables the mole ratio ...
Reaction Yields Percentage yield In a lot of reactions, not all reactants react to form products which can be due to several factors: Other reactions take place simultaneously The reaction does not...
Reacting Masses & Limiting Reactants The number of moles of a substance can be found by using the following equation: It is important to be clear about the type of particle you are referring to...
Empirical & Molecular Formulae The?molecular?formula?is the formula that shows the?number?and?type?of each atom in a molecule E.g. the molecular formula of ethanoic acid is C2H4O2 The?empirical...
Moles, Particles & Masses Since atoms are so small, any sensible laboratory quantity of substance must contain a huge number of atoms Such numbers are not convenient to work with, so using?mole...
The Mole The?Avogadro constant?(NA?or?L) is the number of particles equivalent to the relative?atomic?mass?or?molecular mass?of a substance in grams The Avogadro constant applies to atoms, molecule...
State Changes Changes of state are?physical changes?that are reversible These changes do not change the chemical properties or chemical makeup of the substances involved Vaporization?includes?evapo...
Balancing Equations A?symbol?equation is a shorthand way of describing a chemical reaction using?chemical symbols?to show the number and type of each atom in the reactants and products A?word?equat...
Elements & Compounds Elements are substances made from one kind of atom Compounds are made from two or more elements?chemically combined Elements take part in chemical reactions in which new su...
