Hess' Law Calculations You must make sure that you can apply Hess' Law effectively and calculate enthalpy changes in different situations Remember - it is the data that is important Check wh...
Using Hess' Law Calculating ΔHr?from ΔHf?using Hess’s Law energy cycles The products can be directly formed from the elements =?ΔH2 OR The products can be indirectly formed from the elements...
Calorimetry Measuring enthalpy changes Calorimetry?is the measurement enthalpy changes in chemical reactions A simple?calorimeter?can be made from a?polystyrene drinking cup, a?vacuum flask?...
Enthalpy Changes The total chemical energy inside a substance is called the?enthalpy?(or heat content) When chemical reactions take place, changes in chemical energy take place and therefore...
Energy Level Diagrams An energy level diagram is a diagram that shows the energies of the reactants, the transition state(s) and the products of the reaction as the reaction proceeds ( calle...
Influence of Intermolecular Forces Properties of water Hydrogen bonding in water, causes it to have?anomalous properties?such as high melting and boiling points, high surface tension and a h...
Intramolecular Forces vs. Intermolecular Forces Intramolecular forces Intramolecular forces?are forces?within?a molecule and are usually covalent bonds Covalent bonds?are formed when the out...
Electronegativity Electronegativity?is the power of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond towards itself The electron distribution in a covalent bond between elements w...
Effects of Bonding & Structure on Physical Properties Different types of?structure?and?bonding?have different effects on the?physical properties?of substances such as their?melting?and?b...
