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2025主題

Due Process and the Limits of Government Power

正當程序與政府權力的限度

Due Process, enshrined in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, is a fundamental safeguard against arbitrary government action, ensuring that individuals are not deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair and lawful procedures. It stands as a cornerstone of American legal protections and has influenced international human rights law. However, in times of national crisis or other moments perceived to be a threat to political order, governments have often made decisions at the expense of individual rights. From internment during World War II to the detention of civilians after 9/11, tensions between due process and claims of governmental necessity have sparked enormous debate. Today, questions surrounding immigration, student rights, and executive power continue to test the limitations of due process protections in the United States and across the world.

美國憲法第五和第十四修正案規定的正當程序是防止政府任意行為的基本保障，確保個人在沒有公平合法程序的情況下不會被剝奪生命、自由或財產。它是美國法律保護的基石，并影響了國際人權法。然而，在國家危機或其他被認為對政治秩序構成威脅的時刻，政府往往以犧牲個人權利為代價做出決定。從第二次世界大戰期間的拘留到9/11事件后對平民的拘留，正當程序和政府必要性之間的緊張關系引發了巨大的爭論。今天，圍繞移民、學生權利和行政權力的問題繼續考驗著美國和世界各地正當程序保護的局限性。