AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.4.3 Friedel–Crafts Acylation
Friedel–Crafts Acylation Arenes are very stable compounds due to the?delocalisation of π electrons?in the ring This is because the negative charge is spread out over the molecule instead of ...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.4.2 Nitration of Benzene
Nitration The?electrophilic substitution?reaction in arenes consists of?three steps: Generation of an?electrophile Electrophilic attack Regenerating?aromaticity Mechanism of electroph...
美國熱門大學ALevel換學分要求
在眾多家長學生眼里，A-Level申英國，AP申美國，八竿子打不著。 好吧，說個留學過期冷知識：A-Level，IB，AP都可以英美同申。而且A-Level可以在部分美國大學換分~ 事實上，A-Level課程的作用非常大，在美國和AP課...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.3.6 Manufacture of Aspirin
Manufacture of Aspirin Manufacture of Aspirin Acylation reactions have many uses, such as in the pharmaceutical and textile industries for making drugs, e.g. aspirin, and textiles, e.g. cell...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.3.5 Acylation
Acyl Groups Acyl groups Acyl groups can be built into many molecules using acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides (known as acylating agents) Acyl chlorides are?derivatives of carboxylic acids?by...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.3.4 Ester Hydrolysis
Ester Hydrolysis Hydrolysis of Esters - Acid The reverse of the esterification reaction is called?hydrolysis Ester hydrolysis is a useful reaction for creating biodegradable plastics Esters ...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.3.3 Biodiesel
Biodiesel Biodiesel Biodiesel is made from renewable vegetable oils rather than non sustainable petrochemicals Natural triglyceride oils are converted to esters of methanol, which makes them...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.3.2 Esters
Esters Esters Esters?are?a carboxylic acid derivative?which contains the?ester group, -COO- An ester is named after the parent carboxylic acid from which it is derived Remove the -oic acid suffix f...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.2.3 Nucleophilic Addition
Nucleophilic Addition Many of the reactions which carbonyl compounds undergo are nucleophilic addition reactions The carbonyl group -C=O, in aldehydes and ketones is polarised The oxygen ato...
全球網絡搜索量最多的10所英國大學！
英國有超過150所高等院校，你有沒有想過，哪些大學是全球網絡搜索量最多的？Erudera 團隊對這個問題進行了研究，收集并分析了關于英國每所高等教育機構在互聯網上的搜索次數的數據，得出了一份全球互聯網搜索量最...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.2.2 Reduction of Carbonyls
Reduction of Carbonyls Reduction of Carbonyls There are a large number of reducing agents which will reduce both an aldehyde and a ketone to an alcohol Aldehydes are reduced to primary alcoh...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.1.3 Racemic Mixtures
Racemic Mixtures Net Optical activity Let’s suppose that in a solution, there is 20% of the enantiomer which rotates the plane polarised light?clockwise?and 80% of the enantiomer which rotat...
