Production of Phenol Phenols?are organic compounds characterised by the presence of an -OH group which is attached to a benzene ring Phenols can be produced by the reaction of?phenylamine?with?nitr...
Reaction of Alcohols With Acyl Chlorides Acyl chlorides?are?reactive?organic compounds with a?-COCl?functional group The carbonyl carbon is?electron-deficient?and has a?partial positive charge It i...
Difference in Reactivity of Halogenoalkanes & Halogenoarenes Halogenoarenes?are very?unreactive?compared to?halogenoalkanes The difference in reactivity between the two compounds is because of ...
Production of Halogenoarenes Halogenoarenes?are arenes which are bonded to?halogen?atoms They can be prepared from?substitution reactions?of arenes with chlorine or bromine in the presence of an an...
Arenes: Directing Effects of Substituents Arenes readily undergo?electrophilic substitution?of one of their hydrogen atoms with another species Substituents?that are already present on the arenes c...
Arenes: Location of Halogenation Arenes will undergo substitution reactions?with halogens to form aryl halides This reaction is also called a?halogenation?reaction Depending on the reaction conditi...
Arenes: Electrophilic Substitution The?electrophilic substitution?reaction in arenes consists of?three steps: Generation of an?electrophile Electrophilic attack Regenerating?aromaticity Mechanism o...
Reactions of Arenes Arenes are very stable compounds due to the?delocalisation of π electrons?in the ring This is because the negative charge is spread out over the molecule instead of being confin...
Chirality & Drug Production Most of the drugs that are used to treat diseases contain?one or more?chiral centres These drugs can therefore exist as?enantiomers?which differ from each other in t...
