Mechanism Problems Chemical kinetics can only?suggest?a reaction mechanism, they cannot prove it However, they can be used to disprove a proposed mechanism Elementary steps are the steps involved i...
Molecularity & Rate Determining Step Rate-determining step & intermediates A chemical reaction can only go as fast as the slowest part of the reaction So, the?rate-determining step?is the s...
Graphical Representations of Reaction Order Reaction Order Using Concentration-Time Graphs In a?zero-order?reaction, the concentration of the reactant is inversely proportional to time This means t...
Rate Constants The?rate constant, (k), of a reaction can be calculated using the initial rates and the rate equation Calculating the rate constant from the initial rate The reaction of sodium carbo...
Rate Equations The??rate of reaction?can be found by: Measuring the decrease in the concentration of a reactant over time Measuring the increase in the concentration of a product over time The unit...
Free Energy & Equilibrium When ΔG?< 0 for a reaction at constant temperature and pressure, the reaction is spontaneous When a reversible reaction reaches equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy i...
Spontaneous Reactions Gibbs free energy provides an effective way of focusing on a reaction system at constant temperature and pressure to determine its spontaneity For a reaction to be spontaneous...
Gibbs Free Energy Change Gibbs free energy The feasibility of a reaction is determined by two factors, the?enthalpy change?and the??[popover id="F7rfknVfbfcSJVkN" label='entropy?change'] The two fa...
Calculating Standard Entropy Change The standard molar enthalpy values,?S?, relate to standard conditions of temperature and pressure The entropy change, ΔS?, can be calculated from thermodynamic d...
