Core Practical 5: Oxidation of Ethanol Oxidation of ethanol Primary alcohols can be oxidised to form?aldehydes?which can undergo further oxidation to form?carboxylic?acids When ethanol is ox...
Core Practical 4: Investigating Halogenoalkane Hydrolysis Halogenoalkanes can be?hydrolysed?with an?aqueous?solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) This reaction is ...
Core Practical 8: Determining Enthalpy Change of Reaction Measuring enthalpy changes Calorimetry?is a technique used to measure changes in enthalpy of chemical reactions A?calorimeter?can be...
Core Practical 3: Hydrochloric Acid Concentration Performing the Titration The key piece of equipment used in the titration is the burette Burettes?are usually marked to a precision of 0.10 ...
Core Practical 2: Preparing a Standard Solution Volumetric Analysis Volumetric analysis?is a process that uses the volume and concentration of one chemical reactant (a volumetric solution) t...
Core Practical 1: Measuring the Molar Volume of a Gas Measuring gas volumes The volume of gas produced in a reaction can be measured by collecting the gas with a gas syringe or by the displa...
Interpreting an IR Spectrum Infrared (IR) spectroscopy?is a technique used to identify compounds based on changes in?vibrations?of atoms when they?absorb?IR of certain?frequencies A?spectrop...
Mass Spectrometry Mass spectroscopy?is an analytical technique used to identify unknown compounds The molecules in the small sample are?bombarded?with high energy electrons which can cause t...
Organic Liquid Preparation & Purification Simple Distillation This is used to separate a liquid and?soluble solid?from a solution (e.g. water from a solution of salt water) or a pure liq...
