Forces on Charges & Masses The electric field strength equation can be rearranged for the force?F?on a charge?Q?in an electric field?E: Where: F = electrostatic force on the charge (N) Q = char...
Forces & Inverse-Square Law Behaviour The gravitational force between two bodies outside a uniform field (for example, between the Earth and the Sun) is defined by Newton’s Law of Gravitation w...
Orbital Motion, Speed & Energy Since most planets and satellites have a near circular orbit, the gravitational force?FG?between the sun or another planet provides the?centripetal force?needed t...
Escape Speed To escape a gravitational field, a mass must travel at the?escape velocity This is dependent on the mass and radius of the object creating the gravitational field, such as a planet, a ...
Potential in a Charged Sphere The?electric potential?in the field due to a?point charge?is defined as:Where: V?= the electric potential (V) Q?= the point charge producing the potential (C) ε0?=?per...
Potential Gradient Electric?Potential Gradient An electric field can be defined in terms of the variation of?electric potential?at different points in the field: The electric field at a particular ...
Potential Energy Calculations Electric Potential Energy of Two Point Charges The electric potential energy Ep?at point in an electric field is defined as: The work done in bringing a charge from in...
Potential & Potential Energy Work Done on a Mass When a mass is moved against the force of gravity, work is done The work done in moving a mass?m?is given by: Where: ?W?= change in work done (J...
Equipotential Surfaces Equipotential lines (when working in 2D) and surfaces (when working in 3D) join together points that have the same?gravitational potential These are always: Perpendicular?to ...
