Defining Entropy The?entropy (S)?of a given system is the number of possible arrangements of the particles and their energy in a given system In other words, it is a measure of how?disordered?a sys...
Enthalpy of Hydration: Ionic Charge & Radius The standard enthalpy change of hydration (ΔHhyd?) is affected by the amount that the ions are attracted to the water molecules The factors which af...
Energy Cycle Calculations The energy cycle involving the enthalpy change of solution (ΔHsol??), lattice energy (ΔHlatt?), and enthalpy change of hydration (ΔHhyd?) can be used to calculate the diff...
Energy Cycle Using Enthalpy Changes & Lattice Energy The standard enthalpy change of hydration (ΔHhyd?) can be calculated by constructing?energy cycles?and applying Hess’s law Energy cycle invo...
Enthalpy Change of Hydration & Solution Enthalpy change of solution The?standard enthalpy change of solution (ΔHsol?)?is the enthalpy change when?1 mole?of an ionic substance?dissolves?in suffi...
Lattice Energy: Ionic Charge & Radius The two key factors which affect lattice energy, ΔHlatt?, are the?charge?and?radius?of the ions that make up the?crystalline lattice Ionic radius The latti...
Calculations Using Born-Haber Cycles Once a Born-Haber cycle has been constructed, it is possible to calculate the lattice energy (ΔHlatt?) by applying Hess’s law and rearranging: ΔHf??= ΔHat??+ ΔH...
Constructing Born-Haber Cycles To calculate the lattice energy (ΔHlatt?) of an ionic compound, a?Born-Haber cycle?is used, which is a special type of energy cycle To find the ΔHlatt??of an ionic co...
Electron Affinity Electron affinity The?first electron affinity?(EA1) is the enthalpy change when?1 mole?of?electrons?is added to?1 mole?of?gaseous atoms,?to form?1 mole?of?gaseous ions?each with a...
