Lattice Energy & Enthalpy Change of Atomisation Enthalpy change?(ΔH) refers to the amount of heat energy?transferred?during a chemical reaction, at a constant pressure Enthalpy change of atomis...
Detecting Bromine & Chlorine Atoms Using M+2 Peak The presence of bromine or chlorine atoms in a compound gives rise to a?[M+2]?and possibly?[M+4]?peak Chlorine Chlorine exists as two isotopes,...
Determine Number of Carbon Atoms Using M+1 Peak The?[M+1]?peak is caused by the presence of the carbon-13 (13C) isotope in the molecule Carbon-13 makes up approximately 1.1% of all carbon atoms The...
Mass Spectrometry: Deducing Molecular Formula Each?peak?in the mass spectrum corresponds to a certain?fragment?with a particular?m/e?value The peak with the highest?m/e?value is the molecular ion (...
Calculating Relative Atomic Mass Isotopes?are different atoms of the?same?element?that contain the same number of?protons?and electrons but a different number of?neutrons. These are atoms of the sa...
Interpreting Mass Spectra Mass spectroscopy?is an analytical technique used to identify unknown compounds The molecules in the small sample are?bombarded?with high energy electrons which can cause ...
Interpreting IR Spectra Infrared (IR) spectroscopy?is a technique used to identify compounds based on changes in?vibrations?of atoms when they?absorb?IR of certain?frequencies A?spectrophotometer?i...
Analysis of Synthetic Routes Students should be able to critically analyse given synthetic routes and determine whether appropriate reagents and reaction conditions are used Students should also be...
Multi-step Synthetic Routes Many organic molecules are made in multi-step synthetic routes Students should be able to recall the different reactions each functional group undergoes and apply this k...
