Unreactivity of Alkanes Strength of C-H bonds Alkanes consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms which are bonded together by?single?bonds Unless a lot of heat is supplied, it is difficult to break these...
Obtaining Useful Compounds by Cracking Crude oil Crude oil is a?mixture?of hydrocarbons containing?alkanes,?cycloalkanes?and?arenes?(compounds with a benzene ring) The crude oil is?extracted?from t...
Free Radical Substitution Mechanism Alkanes can undergo?free-radical substitution?in which a hydrogen atom gets?substituted?by a halogen (chlorine/bromine) Ultraviolet?light?(sunlight)?is needed fo...
Combustion & Free Radical Substitution of Alkanes Alkanes are?combusted?(burnt) on a large scale for their use as fuels They also react in?free-radical substitution?reactions to form more react...
Production of Alkanes: Hydrogenation & Cracking Alkanes?are hydrocarbons that can be produced by the?addition?reaction?of hydrogen to an alkene or by?cracking?of longer alkane chains Production...
Deducing Isomers of a Compound You should be able to deduce all possible isomers for organic compounds knowing their molecular formula Worked example: Isomers of dibromopropane Step 1:?Draw the str...
Chirality & Enantiomers Chiral centres in non-cyclic molecules A?chiral?centre?in a molecule is a carbon atom that has four different atoms or group of atoms attached This gives rise to two opt...
Stereoisomerism: Geometrical & Optical Stereoisomers?are compounds that have the same atoms connected to each other, however the atoms are differently arranged in space There are two types of?s...
Structural Isomerism: Chain, Position & Functional Group Structural isomers?are compounds that have the same?molecular?formula but different?structural?formulae Eg. propene and cyclopropane Bot...
